Clarinet-trumpet.
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InstrumentReed horn/Hunting horns/Wind/Musical Instrument ; Reed horn |
Instrument FamilyWind |
Place MadeEurope ; Finland ; Northern Europe |
Date Made1989 |
DescriptionTechnical description: A wind-cap clarinet with body imitating shape of an animal horn. Made of birch bark, wind-cap in shape of truncated cone (maximum length 110mm) also of coiled birch bark, detachable. Reed made of springy transparent plastic (perspex?), held in place by coiling over the birch bark. The 'reed' is permanently bent at about 60º to cover narrow end of body of the 'horn' which is also made of coiled birch bark. A plaited birch bark band is looped around the narrow end of the body and attached to the bell with a forked and split twig. Overall size: 440; greatest 'diameter' of bell 103mm; smallest 'diameter' of bell 76mm. General usage of type: Such instruments were originally made by shepherds to scare away wild animals (wolves and bears), and to direct the flock home. The shepherds also used them to communicate with each other and competed to see who could produce the most powerful noise. There is also a tradition of playing music in the manner of the 'Russian Bugle Band', i.e. with one player to each note (Ramnarine 1989, see below, and Leisiö 1985). The term `tuohitorvi' comes from two separate words: 'tuohi' meaning birch bark and `torvi' meaning a horn or trumpet (originally oxen horn). It is used for a wide range of instruments, played with either reed or brass type mouthpiece and with or without finger holes (Leisiö 1990, see below). Around the end of the 16th century people in western Finland became acquainted with the goat's horn, which had been known in Sweden for some time. Further to the east the Karelians did not breed goats, and so lacked the musically useful goat's horn, but at the beginning of the 19th century they began to imitate these horns in wood; the wooden variant is called 'luletti', and the example here is apparently based on such a tradition (Leisiö 1985). General literature references: Leisiö 1985; T.K. Ramnarine, personal communication to donor, 1989; T. Leisiö, personal communication to donor, 1990. |
Other InformationGeneral usage of type: Such instruments were originally made by shepherds to scare away wild animals (wolves and bears), and to direct the flock home. The shepherds also used them to communicate with each other and competed to see who could produce the most powerful noise. There is also a tradition of playing music in the manner of the `Russian Bugle Band', i.e. with one player to each note (Ramnarine 1989, see below, and Leisiö 1985). The term `tuohitorvi' comes from two separate words: `tuohi' meaning birch-bark and `torvi' meaning a horn or trumpet (originally oxen horn). It is used for a wide range of instruments, played with either reed or brass-type mouthpiece and with or without finger-holes (Leisiö 1990, see below). Around the end of the 16th century people in western Finland became acquainted with the goat's horn, which had been known in Sweden for some time. Further to the east the Karelians did not breed goats, and so lacked the musically useful goat's horn, b! ut at the beginning of the 19th century they began to imitate these horns in wood; the wooden variant is called `luletti', and the example here is apparently based on such a tradition (Leisiö 1985). |
NotesR. Parks, 1990; P.R. Cooke, 1993. |
Measurements440; greatest `diameter' of bell 103; smallest `diameter' of bell 76. |
ProvenanceGift of R. Parks. |
CollectionMIMEd |
Accession Number2987 |